Capitalism in the 21st Century: A Marxist Perspective
A Marxist understanding of the ills of capitalism is applicable to 21st -century capitalism. Motivated by surpluses, capitalism become global in its endeavour of outsourcing production and capital labour substitution. As a result, the capitalist core established an exploitative relationship with the developing and under-developed third world countries. In order to protect their interests and to keep the antagonistic feelings below the threshold, the bourgeoisie elite utilized every tool available to strengthen their control over the resources, maintained their hegemony and absorb counter-hegemonic ideas. The article is an attempt to understand the Marxist interpretation of capitalism and debate in its relevance to 21st -century international politics. With the help of the Iraq war, the article concludes that Marxism and Marxist inspired theoretical interpretation is the best lens to explain the operation of capitalism at the world stage.
-
Marxism, Capitalism, Outsourcing, Surpluses, Mode of production, Hegemony
-
(1) Saima Gul
Lecturer,Department of International Relations,University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Syed Sabir Muhammad
PhD. Scholar, Department of International Relations,University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Ahmad Ali
Lecturer, Political Sciences, Higher Education Department,Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
- Cox, R. W. (1981), Social forces, states and world orders: Beyond international relations theory. Millennium, 10 (2): 126-55.
- Habsbawm, E. (2011). How to change the world: Reflections on Marx. NH US. Yale University Press.
- Harmon, M. Judd. (1964). Political thought: From Plato to the present. New York, USA. McGraw-Hill.
- Hobden, S., & Jones, R.W. (2014). Marxist theories of international relations. In Baylis, John., Smith, Steve., & Owens, Patricia. (Eds.), The globalization of international politics: An introduction to international relations (6th ed., pp. 141-154). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press
- Lenin, V. I. (1999). Imperialism: The highest stage of capitalism. Sydney, Australia. Resistance Books.
- Maguire. D. (2010). Marxism. In Marsh. D., and Stoker. G., (Eds.), Theory and practice in political science (pp. 136-155). Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Mingst, K.A., & ArreguÃÂn-Toft, I.M. (2017). Essentials of international relations (7th ed.). New York, US: W. W. Norton & Company.
- Panwar, U. (2015). The relevance of Marxism in the 21st century. Retrieved from http://economydecoded.com/2015/02/relevance-marxism-21st-century
- Schumpeter, A.J. (2003). Capitalism, socialism and democracy. London, UK: Routledge
Cite this article
-
APA : Gul, S., Muhammad, S. S., & Ali, A. (2017). Capitalism in the 21st Century: A Marxist Perspective. Global Economics Review, II(I), 49-55. https://doi.org/10.31703/ger.2017(II-I).06
-
CHICAGO : Gul, Saima, Syed Sabir Muhammad, and Ahmad Ali. 2017. "Capitalism in the 21st Century: A Marxist Perspective." Global Economics Review, II (I): 49-55 doi: 10.31703/ger.2017(II-I).06
-
HARVARD : GUL, S., MUHAMMAD, S. S. & ALI, A. 2017. Capitalism in the 21st Century: A Marxist Perspective. Global Economics Review, II, 49-55.
-
MHRA : Gul, Saima, Syed Sabir Muhammad, and Ahmad Ali. 2017. "Capitalism in the 21st Century: A Marxist Perspective." Global Economics Review, II: 49-55
-
MLA : Gul, Saima, Syed Sabir Muhammad, and Ahmad Ali. "Capitalism in the 21st Century: A Marxist Perspective." Global Economics Review, II.I (2017): 49-55 Print.
-
OXFORD : Gul, Saima, Muhammad, Syed Sabir, and Ali, Ahmad (2017), "Capitalism in the 21st Century: A Marxist Perspective", Global Economics Review, II (I), 49-55
-
TURABIAN : Gul, Saima, Syed Sabir Muhammad, and Ahmad Ali. "Capitalism in the 21st Century: A Marxist Perspective." Global Economics Review II, no. I (2017): 49-55. https://doi.org/10.31703/ger.2017(II-I).06